CPP Research Overview
The CPP research overview is available in both brief and extended formats. If you would like to watch the extended format, which provides more details on each of the studies, click on the buttons below.
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Overview
Two randomized control trials (RCTs) were conducted at the Child-Trauma Research Program, University of California, San Francisco, by the team that developed Child-Parent Psychotherapy.
Three additional randomized control trials were conducted by the Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, an independent research team that was trained in the model by Alicia F. Lieberman, the developer of CPP. Citations for studies related to each RCT are listed below along with pdf links.
Together the findings from these studies show
Improvements in Children's
Improvements in Parents'
Improvements in Parent-Child
Relationship Quality
Additional Research
Additional research has examined the implementation of CPP within the United States foster care mental health system, in Israel, and in Sweden. Research has also examined the effectiveness of Perinatal CPP, an adaption of CPP where CPP treatment begins during pregnancy with high-risk parents. Citations and pdf links for each dissemination and adaptation study are listed below.
Evidence-Based Registries
CPP has been included in the following registries of effective programs and practices:
Five Randomized Trials
1. Preschoolers Exposed to Domestic Violence
Lieberman, A.F., Van Horn, P.J., & Ghosh Ippen, C. (2005). Toward evidence-based treatment: Child-Parent Psychotherapy with preschoolers exposed to marital violence. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 44, 1241-1248.
Lieberman, A.F., Ghosh Ippen, C., Van Horn, P.J. (2006). Child-Parent Psychotherapy: Six month follow-up of a randomized control trial. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(8), 913-918.
Ghosh Ippen, C., Harris, W.W., Van Horn, P., & Lieberman, A.F. (2011). Traumatic and stressful events in early childhood: Can treatment help those at highest risk? Child Abuse and Neglect, 35, 504-513.
2. Maltreated Preschoolers
Toth S.L., Maughan A., Manly J.T., Spagnola M., Cicchetti D. (2002). The relative efficacy of two interventions in altering maltreated preschool children's representational models: Implications for attachment theory. Developmental Psychopathology, 14, 877-908.
3. Infants from Families with a History of Maltreatment
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F.A., & Toth, S.L. (2006). Fostering secure attachment in infants in maltreating families through preventive interventions. Development and Psychopathology, 18, 623-650.
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F.A., Toth, S.L., & Sturge-Apple, M.L. (2011). Normalizing the development of cortisol regulation in maltreated infants through preventive interventions, Development and Psychopathology, 23, 789-800.
Stronach, E.P., Toth, S.L., Rogosch, F.A., & Cicchetti, D. (2013). Preventive interventions and sustained attachment security in maltreated children. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 919-930.
Toth, S.L., Sturge-Apple, M.L., Rogosch, F.A., & Cicchetti, D. (2015). Mechanisms of change: Testing how preventative interventions impact psychological and physiological stress functioning in mothers in neglectful families, Development and Psychopathology, 27, 1661-1674.
4. Anxiously Attached Infants of Latina Immigrant Moms
Lieberman, A.F., Weston, D.R., & Pawl, J.H. (1991). Preventive intervention and outcome with anxiously attached dyads. Child Development, 62, 199-209.
5. Toddlers with Depressed Moms
Cicchetti D., Toth S.L., Rogosch F.A. (1999). The efficacy of toddler-parent psychotherapy to increase attachment security in offspring of depressed mothers. Attachment and Human Development 1, 34-66.
Cicchetti, D., Rogosch, F.A., & Toth, S.L. (2000). The efficacy of Toddler-Parent Psychotherapy for fostering cognitive development in offspring. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 28, 135-148.
Guild, D.J., Toth, S.L., Handley, E.D., Rogosch, F.A., & Cicchetti, D. (2017). Attachment security mediates the longitudinal association between child-parent psychotherapy and peer relations for toddlers of depressed mothers. Development and Psychopathology, 29, 587-600.
Toth, S. L., Rogosch, F.A., Manly, J.T., & Cicchetti, D. (2006). The efficacy of Toddler-Parent Psychotherapy to reorganize attachment in the young offspring of mothers with major depressive disorder: A randomized preventive trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(6), 1006-1016.
Peltz, J. S., Rogge, R. D., Rogosch, F.A., Cicchetti, D., & Toth, S. L. (2015, July 20). The benefits of Child-Parent Psychotherapy to marital satisfaction. Families, Systems, & Health, 33(4), 372-382.
Effectiveness and Dissemination Studies
Hagan, M.J. Brown, D.T., Sulki, M., Ghosh Ippen, C., Bush, N., Lieberman, A.F. (2017). Parent and child trauma symptoms during Child-Parent Psychotherapy: A prospective cohort study of dyadic change. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 30, 690-697
CPP with Culturally Diverse Children in Foster Care
Lyons, J. (2008). Evidence-based trauma interventions for foster children in Illinois. Presentation to funders and stakeholders, Chicago, IL.
Not Available
Weiner, D.A., Schneider, A., & Lyons, J.S. (2009). Evidence-based treatment for trauma among culturally diverse foster care youth: Treatment retention and outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 1199-1205.
CPP in Child Welfare Court
Hazen, K.P., Patnode, C.M., Fessinger, M.B., & Cole-Mossman, J. (2018, April). Child-Parent Psychotherapy in child welfare court: An evaluation. Poster presented at the 2018 UNL Child Youth and Family Studies Summit on Research in Early Childhood, Lincoln, Nebraska.
Dissemination of CPP in Israel
David, P., & Schiff, M. (2015). Learning from bottom-up dissemination: Importing an evidence-based trauma intervention for infants and young children to Israel. Evaluation and Program Planning, 53, 18-24.
Adaptation Studies
Perinatal CPP
Lieberman, A. F., Díaz, M.A., & Van Horn, P. (2009). Safer beginnings: Perinatal Child-Parent Psychotherapy for newborns and mothers exposed to domestic violence. Zero to Three, 29, 17-22.
Lavi, I., Gard, A.M., Hagan, M., Van Horn, P.J., & Lieberman, A.F. (2015). Child-Parent Psychotherapy examined in a perinatal sample: Depression, Posttraumatic stress symptoms and child rearing attitudes. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 34(1), 64-82.